![]() Although the basic GSLs metabolic pathway in Brassicaceae plants is clear, the regulating mechanism for specific glucosinolates content in radish fleshy taproots is not well understood. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is rich in specific glucosinolates (GSLs), which benefit human health and special flavor formation. Our findings could provide essential information for further studies on the function of RsCCT genes. The expression profiles of RsCCT genes under Cd, Cr, Pb, and heat and salt stresses revealed that many RsCCT genes could respond to one or more abiotic stresses. Promoter cis-elements and RNA-seq data analysis showed that RsCCT genes could play roles in controlling flowering through the photoperiodic pathway and vernalization pathway. RsCCT genes showed tissue specificity, and some genes (such as RsCCT22, RsCCT36, RsCCT42 and RsCCT51) were highly expressed in flowers. We observed strong purifying selection pressure for CCT genes. ![]() Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis showed that segmental duplication expanded the CCT gene families considerably, with the LF subgenome retaining more CCT genes. Phylogenetic tree, gene structure, and conserved domains revealed that all CCT genes were classified into three groups: COL, CMF, and PRR. In this study, a total of 58 CCT genes were identified in R. ![]() Although they have been reported in many plants, the characterization and expression pattern of CCT genes is still limited in R. Rapid developments in our understanding of advanced biotechnology technologies will increase our ability to identify cultivars and parental lines, check seed genetic purity, analyze phylogenetic links and genetic diversity, and add specific transgenic traits.ĬCT genes play vital roles in flowering, plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses. This chapter discusses the various breeding strategies like inbred line development by the use of self-incompatibility, hybrid development by using male sterility system, population improvement, mutation breeding, haploid breeding, breeding strategies for biotic and abiotic stresses, QTL mapping, and genome wide and genomic tool in radish. The fundamental methods for using heterotic breeding potential are SI, CMS, and doubled haploids (DH). Because of protogyny, self-incompatibility, open architecture, and biennial bolting, radish crosses readily. The original radishes were black, followed by white in the 1500s then red and round in the 1700s. For black Spanish radish, European-cultivated variety, and Asian-cultivated radish, three separate domestication processes occurred. Early radish variants were long and tapered rather than cylindrical, bulbous, elliptic, or spherical. Many radish varieties have varied leaf morphology, root color, size, shape, flavor, vernalization requirements, and maturity times. Radish diversity is intense from the eastern Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea. In tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates, radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a popular root vegetable.
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